In this comprehensive guide, I will walk you through the step-by-step process of freezing cabbage, including preparation, blanching, freezing, and storage.With these easy tips, you can enjoy the freshness and flavor of cabbage all year round.However, you should always check on the freshness of your sauerkraut (color, smell, taste) before serving. To freeze sauerkraut, transfer it (assuming that it’s in a glass jar) to a plastic bag or freezer-safe plastic container. Always leave a few inches of space at the top, as the liquid in the sauerkraut will expand when frozen.Have you ever experienced a frozen cursor on your computer? It can be frustrating and disruptive, especially when you’re in the middle of an important task. One of the primary reas...Add the cabbage, beef broth, tomato juice, rice, Worcestershire sauce, tomatoes with chiles (undrained), and salt to the pot and bring to a boil. Reduce to a simmer, cover, and cook for 25 minutes or until rice is tender. Taste and season with additional salt, if desired.Nov 28, 2023 · How To Freeze Cabbage . There are two primary ways to freeze cabbage—raw and blanched. “Freezing it raw will preserve the texture slightly better than freezing it blanched, but it will still suffer from some breakdown of the cell structure, resulting in softness when thawed; you will never achieve the crispness of raw cabbage once it’s frozen,” says Chen McCarthy. Second Step: Blanch the Cabbage. Blanching is optional when freezing cabbage, but it can help preserve the color, flavor, and texture. Drop the cabbage wedges or quarters into a pot of boiling water for about 90 seconds to blanch. Then, quickly transfer them to a bowl of ice water to stop cooking.Thankfully, you can freeze cabbage, so none of those tasty leaves go to waste. Read on for everything you need to know about how to freeze fresh cabbage—plus, learn how to thaw cabbage. Yes, You Can Freeze Mushrooms—Here's How.Sep 10, 2013 ... Classic cabbage rolls are an easy and comforting meal. They are also a super simple dish to freeze and have ready for meals later in the ...Yes, you can freeze stuffed cabbage that includes rice as part of the filling. The rice will freeze well and maintain its texture when reheated. Just be sure to wrap the cabbage rolls tightly in plastic wrap or aluminum foil to prevent freezer burn, and store them in an airtight container to maintain their quality.by Sonja Overhiser. Buy Our Cookbook. This post may include affiliate links; for details, see our disclosure policy. Wondering if you can freeze cabbage? Preserving …Use the shredding blade that comes with your food processor. Make sure that the small rounded shredding blades are facing up when you place the attachment into your food processor. Then, cut the halves of cabbage into wedges that are small enough to fit into the processor’s feeding tube. Gently push each …How to freeze whole cabbage. Soak the cabbage in a gallon of water and 1 cup of salt. …. Drain the cabbage fully and place it on a dish or tray lined with parchment paper. Place the tray into the freezer and allow the cabbage 8 hours to freeze before removing it from the tray and transferring it to an airtight container.When it comes to maintaining a healthy lifestyle, incorporating nutrient-rich foods into your diet is essential. One such food that offers numerous health benefits is basic cabbage...Cabbage can survive cold weather, but temperatures below 10 degrees Fahrenheit will kill the vegetable. It’s possible for frost to damage the outer leaves, which may affect the plant’s growth and cause it to rot. If you live in an area where there’s a lot of snow in the winter months, you should make sure that your cabbage plants are ...Prep your ingredients so they're ready to go. In a large saucepan over medium, melt the butter. Add in the sliced apples and onion, cooking until soft. Add remaining ingredients and heat to boiling. Cover and simmer 40 minutes. Discard bay leaf and transfer to serving bowl or individual containers for freezing.Jun 8, 2020 ... Learn how to freeze cabbage with this guide from wikiHow: https://www.wikihow.com/Freeze-Cabbage Follow our social media channels to find ...Have you wondered, “Can you freeze cabbage?” after struggling to use up a whole head of the delicious cruciferous vegetable? You absolutely can freeze ...Always use a clean, freezer safe container with a lid to prevent freezer burn. Try to eliminate as much air as possible from the container. Leave an inch or so between the top of the sauerkraut and the lid to allow for expansion as it freezes. Don’t drain the sauerkraut – freeze the brine too. For ease later on, freeze it in portions.Instead of letting it rot in your fridge, try freezing cabbage for later use. It’s easy to do. How to Prepare Cabbage for Freezing. Remove any damaged or wilted …Oct 10, 2023 · To freeze cabbage without blanching, follow these steps: Clean the cabbage: Wash the cabbage thoroughly under cool, running water and remove any damaged or wilted outer leaves. Chop or shred the cabbage: Decide how you want to use the frozen cabbage later and chop it into bite-sized pieces or shred it. Step 4: Seal and Freeze. After you have packaged the cabbage rolls for freezing, it’s important to seal the containers or bags tightly to maintain their freshness and prevent freezer burn. Proper sealing ensures that the cabbage rolls remain in optimal condition until you’re ready to enjoy them.May 20, 2023 · Step 3: While waiting for the cabbages to be blanched, you can prepare the ice water. The whole blanching process should be done in 2 minutes. After that, take your greens out and let them cool down in the ice water mentioned above. Step 4: While waiting for the cabbages to be blanched, you can prepare the ice water. Sep 9, 2022 ... Rachael: "Freeze a whole cabbage, then defrost it and trim the larger veins and you can SKIP boiling the cabbage all together. I know. Big one." ...Feb 21, 2019 ... wikiHow Quick Video on How to Freeze Cabbage. To freeze cabbage in whole leaves, start by selecting a clean cabbage and remove the coarse ...Instructions. In a large saucepan, saute the onion and carrots in oil until the onion is tender. Add the broth, ham or smoked turkey, cabbage, tomatoes, and chili powder. Bring the mixture to a boil. Lower heat, cover, and simmer the soup for 15-20 minutes. Add the beans, salt, and pepper.Yes. If you have shredded an enormous cabbage and won't be able to use all of it right away, freezing is a great way out. Transfer the shredded cabbage into ...Jul 28, 2010 ... I have frozen fresh, chopped cabbage with success. I halved the head, cored, and cut into strips. Make sure it is dry and seal in a freezer bag, ...Mar 2, 2023 · Step 1: Wash your cabbage. First, wash, soak, and rinse the cabbages. If you are using cabbages from your vegetable garden or bought them straight from the farmers’ market, you need to soak them properly before freezing. First, remove the outer leaves and then rinse the head of cabbage thoroughly. Watch this video to find out whether or not to use paint that has been stored outside in freezing temperatures. Expert Advice On Improving Your Home Videos Latest View All Guides L...Jan 2, 2022 ... Cut Up the Cabbage. Cabbage can be shredded, chopped, or sliced, whichever is most convenient for you. If you're not sure what to do with your ... Cut the cabbage into large wedges, or shred the cabbage. Place the shredded or cabbage wedges on a baking sheet and place in the freezer. Flash freeze them for 8–10 hours. Wrap the cabbage in plastic wrap and transfer from the baking sheet to freezer-friendly airtight containers or ziploc freezer bags. The answer is a resounding yes! Freezing cabbage is an excellent way to preserve this delicious and nutritious vegetable for future use. Not only does it allow you …Have you ever experienced a frozen cursor on your computer? It can be frustrating and disruptive, especially when you’re in the middle of an important task. One of the primary reas...Jun 19, 2021 · Leave it to cool for a few minutes in the ice water; it will help if you keep adding ice to the water. Once cooled, remove the cabbage, shake off some of the excess water and use some paper towels to pat it dry. Removing as much excess water from the cabbage as possible will reduce the risk of freezer burn. A crop-killing freeze is forecast for the US South from Arkansas to central North Carolina, the National Weather Service said. Temperatures are forecast to drop …Yes. If you have shredded an enormous cabbage and won’t be able to use all of it right away, freezing is a great way out. Transfer the shredded cabbage into freezer bags, remove the air from the bags and seal them. You’re now ready to throw them into the freezer.Jun 8, 2022 · Transfer blanched cabbage to a bowl of ice water. Shake it off and pat dry with a kitchen towel. Place the cabbage on a lined cookie sheet. Freeze for 1 hour, or until frozen solid. Transfer the cabbage into freezer-safe bags. Squeeze out excess air and seal the bags. Label accordingly and freeze. Yes, you can freeze cabbage without blanching, but blanching is recommended to maintain the best quality and texture of the frozen cabbage. Blanching helps preserving the color, flavor, and nutrients of the cabbage while also stopping enzyme activity that can lead to loss of texture and taste over time. 1. Rinse and Clean The Cabbage. Whether you want to freeze your cabbage whole or chopped, it’s best to rinse your cabbage prior to freezing. Here’s how to wash cabbage: Rinse your cabbage and remove any dead leaves. Place the cabbage in a bowl of salt or vinegar-water mixture. Allow it to soak for about half an hour. Have you ever experienced a frozen iPhone? It’s frustrating when your device suddenly becomes unresponsive, leaving you unable to use it properly. There can be several reasons why ...Aug 8, 2017 ... Comments111 · HOW TO FREEZE CABBAGE FOR LONG TERM STORAGE · How to preserve cabbage for long time #cabbage #gardenlife #gardening #CC · Put&nbs...Step 1: Wash your cabbage. First, wash, soak, and rinse the cabbages. If you are using cabbages from your vegetable garden or bought them straight from the farmers’ market, you need to soak them properly before freezing. First, remove the outer leaves and then rinse the head of cabbage thoroughly.Jul 6, 2015 · So instead, freeze broccoli or Brussels sprouts, ferment cabbage as Sauerkraut (see how to can later); or use any or all in mixed pickles as liked.” [2] Hertzberg, Ruth; Greene, Janet; Vaughan, Beatrice (2010-05-25). Mar 11, 2022 · Plunge it into the bowl of ice water and let cool for a few minutes. Drain the cabbage and pat dry. Transfer to a baking sheet lined with parchment paper. Spread it out in a single layer. Place the baking sheet in the freezer, somewhere it can lie flat, for 1 to 2 hours until the cabbage is frozen solid. Mar 2, 2023 · Step 1: Wash your cabbage. First, wash, soak, and rinse the cabbages. If you are using cabbages from your vegetable garden or bought them straight from the farmers’ market, you need to soak them properly before freezing. First, remove the outer leaves and then rinse the head of cabbage thoroughly. Here are the steps to follow: Remove the corned beef and cabbage from the freezer and let it thaw in the refrigerator overnight. Preheat your oven to 350°F (175°C). Place the corned beef and cabbage in an oven-safe dish or baking tray. Cover the dish with aluminum foil to prevent the food from drying out.Remove the tough outer leaves and discard them. Separate the inner leaves and wash them under running water. Shred the cabbage into ½ inch (1-1.25 cm) wide strips, chop it up. Set aside. Peel an onion and dice it finely. Finely chop the garlic with a knife. Cut kiełbasa sausage into chunks (rounds or cubes).Yes, shredded cabbage freezes well and can last well in the freezer for as long as nine to twelve months. It is a great way to do some food prep beforehand and keep the vegetable lasting all year long. The freezer life of the shredded cabbage will depend on how fresh it was before freezing it. For best results, it is recommended …Second Step: Blanch the Cabbage. Blanching is optional when freezing cabbage, but it can help preserve the color, flavor, and texture. Drop the cabbage wedges or quarters into a pot of boiling water for about 90 seconds to blanch. Then, quickly transfer them to a bowl of ice water to stop cooking.3. Ice bath. As soon as your cabbage has reached its boil time you want to place it directly into an ice bath. An Ice bath is a bowl with ice and water deep enough to submerge your cabbage. This stops the cooking process. Once the cabbage is cooled off go ahead and remove it from the water. 4. Freeze.Prepare the Cabbage Soup: Make your cabbage soup according to your favourite recipe . Allow to Cool: You must allow the cabbage soup to cool completely before you put it into the freezer. Placing hot soup in the freezer will thaw already-frozen food in the freezer, as it will raise the temperature around it. Portion Out: It is best to portion ...Jan 17, 2021 ... Place it in freezer bags, being sure to take out all the air you can before sealing. Freeze for up to 18 months.Aug 27, 2023 · Cook for 2-3 minutes, or until cabbage has a bright color. Do not overcook! Carefully remove cabbage with tongs or drain in a colander and add to ice water to shock and stop cooking. Dry well and place on a parchment-lined baking sheet to freeze for at least 6-12 hours. Once frozen, add to labeled freezer zip-top bags. Oct 22, 2020 · Learn how to freeze cabbage in different ways: raw, cooked, or blanched. Find out which cabbage types are best for freezing, how to store them, and how to use them in recipes. Get tips on how to freeze fresh or cooked cabbage dishes with tips and tricks. If left whole and uncut, red cabbage can last for about 3-4 weeks in the fridge. However, once you cut into the cabbage, it’s best to use it within 1-2 weeks for the best quality. To extend its shelf life, you can also blanch and freeze red cabbage for up to 12 months, allowing you to enjoy it long after its peak season.The most noticeable difference between green and red cabbage is the color of the leaves. Green cabbage leaves are broad and pale green in color, and red cabbage leaves are fan-like...Feb 21, 2019 ... wikiHow Quick Video on How to Freeze Cabbage. To freeze cabbage in whole leaves, start by selecting a clean cabbage and remove the coarse ...Aug 23, 2021 · Yes, cabbage in its shredded form can be frozen, perhaps even more efficiently than if it were whole. According to a research assay performed by the U.S. Department of Agriculture, cabbage is, on average, 92.2% water 1. This causes the whole cabbage leaves to form sludge when frozen, though this effect is mitigated somewhat by shredding the ... 1. Rinse and Clean The Cabbage. Whether you want to freeze your cabbage whole or chopped, it’s best to rinse your cabbage prior to freezing. Here’s how to wash cabbage: Rinse your cabbage and remove any dead leaves. Place the cabbage in a bowl of salt or vinegar-water mixture. Allow it to soak for about half an hour. Pat the cabbage dry and the place it in freezer bags or wrap it tightly in cling wrap. You can also freeze shredded cabbage, but you do not necessarily have to blanch it before. Place the shredded cabbage onto a baking tray and freeze it for a few hours. Once frozen, you can portion the frozen shredded cabbage into smaller portion freezer bags.2. Cleaning and washing the brussels sprout. Trim the ends of the sprout and remove the coarse outer leaves. Soak the heads in a bowl of water to get rid of hidden insects and remaining particles. After soaking, rinse the sprouts thoroughly under running water and drain in a colander. 3. Sorting the brussels …Cover pans tightly with foil or lid and bake at 325° for 2 hours, then increase heat to 350° for one more hour. If you're freezing the Cabbage Rolls, cook for the first 2 hours, cool, then freeze. Reheat at 350° for one hour, or longer if they're still frozen. Serve with mashed potatoes if desired.Put the sauerkraut in a dark room with a temp not above 75 degrees F to ferment. It will take about 3-4 weeks to be completely fermented and you will know when it’s ready by when it stops bubbling. Check on your kraut daily and if you ever see anything scummy on top, remove it gently.When you’re ready to freeze the cabbage, ensure that it’s entirely dry and free of any moisture or debris. Wrap the cabbage tightly in plastic wrap or aluminum foil to prevent any air from entering, then place it in an airtight container or freezer bag. ...How to cut cabbage. There are two steps to cutting the head prior to shredding or slicing: 1) cutting into wedges and 2) removing the core. Place the head on a cutting board and cut in half vertically, through the core. Then, cut each half in half again to create 4 wedges.Freeze: Once the cabbage has completely cooled, portion it into freezer-safe bags or containers. Expel as much air as possible before sealing. Label with the date and contents, then store flat in the freezer for up to 3 months. Reheat: Once the cabbage has completely cooled, portion it into freezer-safe bags or containers.The Process. To freeze shredded cabbage and carrots, start by thoroughly washing and peeling the vegetables. Shred the cabbage and carrots to your desired size, making sure to remove any tough or discolored outer leaves. Once shredded, blanch the vegetables in boiling water for a couple of minutes, then immediately transfer them to an …Instructions. Tip the sauerkraut into a freezer bag or freezer safe plastic container, using a spoon if needed to scrape everything out. Be sure to leave at least 5cm (2 inches) space from the top …The short answer is yes, you can freeze corned beef and cabbage. However, there are different considerations and best practices to keep in mind to ensure that the quality and taste are preserved when you thaw and cook the dish. First, it is important to note that freezing corned beef and cabbage can alter the texture and taste of the dish.Advertisement Cut cabbage into quarters or wedges, or separate leaves. … Freezing cabbage without blanching is possible; you’ll just need to use it within 4 to 8 weeks. For the longest-lasting frozen cabbage, blanch wedges for 90 seconds. Use a colander to drain wedges after removing them from ice water.Read More →Select freshly picked, solid heads. Trim coarse outer leaves from head. Cut into medium to coarse shreds or thin wedges, or separate head into leaves. Water blanch 1½ minutes. Cool promptly, drain and package, leaving ½-inch headspace. Seal and freeze. This document was extracted from "So Easy to Preserve", 6th ed. 2014.Aug 8, 2017 ... Comments111 · HOW TO FREEZE CABBAGE FOR LONG TERM STORAGE · How to preserve cabbage for long time #cabbage #gardenlife #gardening #CC · Put&nbs...Yes, stuffed cabbage can be frozen in a casserole dish as long as the dish is freezer-safe. Be sure to cover the dish tightly with foil or a lid to prevent freezer burn. 12. Can I freeze stuffed cabbage leaves on their own? If you have leftover cabbage leaves, you can freeze them for later use.Yes, you can absolutely freeze cooked cabbage soup. Like most soups, cabbage soup freezes well and the taste and texture aren’t affected. The only thing you might find is the soup is a little thin after being frozen. This can easily be rectified by adding a little bit of cream.Cook the cabbage and other vegetables. In a large skillet, add the remaining olive oil and butter. Once the butter is melted. Add onions and bell pepper. Cook for about 1 minute. Add the cabbage and garlic. Cover with the lid and cook for 2 minutes. Remove the lid, and cook for another 5-10 minutes until the cabbage …Both parts are edible and taste like slightly more spicy cabbage. As it is harder to find in the supermarkets, bok choy is one of those vegetables you need to start freezing. To freeze bok choy, chop it up as you normally would and then pack it into a freezer-safe bag before sealing it up and freezing it for around 12 months. How to Freeze …Depending on how big your wedges are, the cabbage should freeze between 12 and 24 hours. After it has frozen, place the cabbage in large zip-lock bags. Use fresh cabbage as a standalone main dish in dishes like stewed cabbage or skillet cabbage and onions. Or include it in hearty crock pot stews and homemade soups.Pick and chop enough parsley leaves to get you about 1 cup. Peel and finely grate a piece of fresh ginger, about 1-inch long. Zest a large lemon, then slice it in half and capture its juice. Finish and serve. Turn the heat off and stir in the parsley, chopped green onions, ginger, lemon zest and lemon juice.Step 1: Wash your cabbage. First, wash, soak, and rinse the cabbages. If you are using cabbages from your vegetable garden or bought them straight from the farmers’ market, you need to soak them properly before freezing. First, remove the outer leaves and then rinse the head of cabbage thoroughly.Set aside and chop. In the same skillet, add sugar and flour and stir together until sugar is melted about 1 minute. Add diced onion, garlic, water, and vinegar. Cook over medium heat until thickened, about 3-5 minutes, stirring constantly. Add chopped bacon and cabbage, stir until well coated.Line a baking sheet with parchment paper or a silicone baking mat. Spread out your room temperature cooked carrots into a single layer on the baking sheet. Place the baking sheet carefully in your freezer and allow each piece of carrot to freeze individually, at least 1 hour. Transfer the individually frozen carrot pieces to a …Instructions. Tip the sauerkraut into a freezer bag or freezer safe plastic container, using a spoon if needed to scrape everything out. Be sure to leave at least 5cm (2 inches) space from the top …Aug 23, 2021 · Yes, cabbage in its shredded form can be frozen, perhaps even more efficiently than if it were whole. According to a research assay performed by the U.S. Department of Agriculture, cabbage is, on average, 92.2% water 1. This causes the whole cabbage leaves to form sludge when frozen, though this effect is mitigated somewhat by shredding the ... Top the cabbage with the kalua pork (which can be at any temperature, it doesn't matter). Pour in the kalua pork drippings/juices or chicken broth. Cooking down the cabbage till it's nice and soft. Place the lid on the saucepan, turn the heat to high and cook till the liquid boils. Turn the head to medium.So let’s delve into how you freeze red cabbage: Prepare Cabbage: Remove the outer leaves, then wash your cabbage thoroughly. If you have bought it from a market, or grown it yourself, you might want to soak it in salted water for thirty minutes. Doing this will ensure any bugs leave the cabbage and don’t get frozen with it.Yes, you can freeze cabbage without blanching it. While blanching helps maintain color and texture, it’s not mandatory. Freezing raw cabbage can be a convenient option if you plan to use it in ...
3. Ice bath. As soon as your cabbage has reached its boil time you want to place it directly into an ice bath. An Ice bath is a bowl with ice and water deep enough to submerge your cabbage. This stops the cooking process. Once the cabbage is cooled off go ahead and remove it from the water. 4. Freeze.. How to get a private pilot license
How to Freeze Cooked Cabbage: Step-by-Step Guide. Allow the cooked cabbage to cool down completely. Pack the cabbage in freezer-safe bags or containers. Try to keep portion sizes in mind so you can thaw only what you need later. Push out as much air as possible before sealing the bag or container to avoid freezer burn.Transfer the potatoes to a colander to drain after they have completely cooled. After they've drained, place them in a single layer on a kitchen towel. Pat with paper towels to absorb excess moisture. Flash freeze. Arrange the potatoes in a …Learn how to freeze cabbage in shreds, leaves, or wedges to enjoy it all year long. Follow the steps to wash, blanch, cool, and flash freeze the cabbage for best results.Freezing cabbage is a fairly simple process, though it does require a bit of cutting and cooking. It involves first rinsing and slicing the cabbage (quartering it works well), then blanching it — or quickly cooking it in boiling water. To stop it from overcooking, dip the cabbage in an ice bath, then allow it to cool off and dry completely. Cut the cabbage into large wedges, or shred the cabbage. Place the shredded or cabbage wedges on a baking sheet and place in the freezer. Flash freeze them for 8–10 hours. Wrap the cabbage in plastic wrap and transfer from the baking sheet to freezer-friendly airtight containers or ziploc freezer bags. Jun 8, 2022 · Transfer blanched cabbage to a bowl of ice water. Shake it off and pat dry with a kitchen towel. Place the cabbage on a lined cookie sheet. Freeze for 1 hour, or until frozen solid. Transfer the cabbage into freezer-safe bags. Squeeze out excess air and seal the bags. Label accordingly and freeze. You can keep cooked cabbage frozen for three months if properly stored in your freezer at 0°F (-18°C). When the time comes for you to use the cabbage again, thaw it in a refrigerator. After thawing it, cook the cabbage in your preferred method before eating. You can freeze your cabbage if you’ve used it in other meals.Homemade cabbage soup can typically last in the fridge for about 3 -5 days. However, it's important to note that the exact shelf life can vary depending on various factors such as the ingredients used, the storage conditions, and the overall freshness of the soup. To ensure that your cabbage soup stays fresh and safe to consume, it's crucial to ...Mix the remaining ingredients in a medium saucepan over high heat and bring to a boil. Boil for 2 to 3 minutes. Let cool. Pour the cool liquid over the vegetables in the bowl. Mix well by stirring gently with a spoon, then pack in an airtight plastic freezer container. Label with the recipe name and the date you made the coleslaw and freeze.Often, the simplest things are the most satisfying, especially when it comes to making a delicious lunch or dinner. And almost nothing is simpler than cabbage soup. Like many other... Blanch the cabbage by cooking it in a pot of boiling water for 2-3 minutes. Immediately move the cabbage to ice water to stop the cooking process. This small step does a lot to preserve your cabbage in the freezer. Pre-freeze the cabbage on a baking sheet. The pre-freeze is not necessary if your cabbage is whole. When it comes to maintaining a healthy lifestyle, incorporating nutrient-rich foods into your diet is essential. One such food that offers numerous health benefits is basic cabbage...The good news is that yes, stuffed cabbage can be frozen! Freezing stuffed cabbage is a great way to preserve it for later use, whether you made too much or simply want to have a quick and easy meal on hand. However, there are a few things to keep in mind to ensure that the frozen stuffed cabbage retains its flavor and texture when you’re ...1. Transfer the stuffed cabbage rolls onto a baking sheet lined with parchment paper or aluminum foil. Make sure to space them out evenly so they don’t stick together as they freeze. 2. Place the baking sheet in the freezer and let the cabbage rolls freeze for a few hours until they are firm. 3.Add stir fry sauce: Add the sauce to the pan and toss well so everything is coated. Cook until the cabbage is just tender and softened, about 1 minute. Adjust to taste: Remove from heat and stir in the dark green parts of the scallions. Taste and adjust for seasoning with salt, pepper, fresh lime juice and/or sriracha..